from manim import * import numpy as np config.frame_width = 16 config.frame_height = 9 config.pixel_width = 1920 config.pixel_height = 1080 config.background_color = WHITE PETROL = "#0E4F45" INK = "#2C3E50" TEAL = "#00897B" ORANGE = "#E67E22" RED = "#C0392B" BLUE = "#2471A3" GREY = "#7F8C8D" SOFT = "#F4F7F6" SOFT_TEAL = "#E8F5F3" SOFT_ORANGE = "#FDF2E9" SOFT_RED = "#FDEDEC" DIAG_REASON = ( "Control-loop nodes and connecting arrows share boundaries " "as one schematic." ) EVENT_REASON = ( "Q_POI, command U, setpoint and the error band share one " "time-series chart so the standing gap is readable." ) WHATIF_REASON = ( "What-if traces share one pair of axes so recovery shapes " "can be compared against the same setpoint." ) def poi_recorded(t): if t <= 21: return -165.0 if t <= 22: return -165.0 + (t - 21) * 94.0 if t <= 24: return -71.0 + (t - 22) * (-169.0) / 2.0 if t <= 30: return -240.0 + (t - 24) * 3.0 / 6.0 if t <= 400: return -237.0 if t <= 536: return -237.0 + (t - 400) * 38.0 / 136.0 if t <= 602: return -199.0 + (t - 536) * 4.0 / 66.0 if t <= 606: return -195.0 + (t - 602) * 228.7 / 4.0 if t <= 612: return 33.7 + (t - 606) * (-33.7) / 6.0 return 0.0 def w1_fn(t): if t <= 21: return -165.0 if t <= 22: return -165.0 + (t - 21) * 94.0 if t <= 24: return -71.0 + (t - 22) * (-165.0) / 2.0 return -236.0 def w2_fn(t): if t <= 21: return -165.0 if t <= 22: return -165.0 + (t - 21) * 94.0 return -165.0 + 94.0 * np.exp(-0.27 * (t - 22)) def w5_fn(t): if t <= 21: return -165.0 if t <= 22: return -165.0 + (t - 21) * 94.0 return -165.0 + 94.0 * np.exp(-0.07486 * (t - 22)) def w6_fn(t): if t <= 21: return -165.0 if t <= 22: return -165.0 + (t - 21) * (-15.0) return -180.0 + 15.0 * (1.0 - np.exp(-0.116 * (t - 22))) class EMS300MasterQLoop(Scene): def construct(self): self.SAFE_X = config.frame_width / 2 - 0.35 self.SAFE_Y = config.frame_height / 2 - 0.35 self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM = config.frame_height / 2 - 0.7 self.TEXT_MAX_W = config.frame_width - 1.4 self.scene_block_diagram() self.scene_rules() self.scene_event() self.scene_equilibrium() self.scene_whatif() self.scene_conclusion() # ------------------------------------------------------------------ utils def clear_all(self, run_time=0.40): mobs = list(self.mobjects) if mobs: self.play(*[FadeOut(m) for m in mobs], run_time=run_time) self.clear() def title_block(self, main, sub=None, size=32, sub_size=17): title = Text(main, font_size=size, color=PETROL, weight=BOLD) if title.width > self.TEXT_MAX_W: title.scale_to_fit_width(self.TEXT_MAX_W) title.to_edge(UP, buff=0.26) group = VGroup(title) if sub: subtitle = Text(sub, font_size=sub_size, color=INK) if subtitle.width > self.TEXT_MAX_W: subtitle.scale_to_fit_width(self.TEXT_MAX_W) subtitle.next_to(title, DOWN, buff=0.28) subtitle.set_x(0) group.add(subtitle) return group def caption(self, text, size=20): cap = Text(text, font_size=size, color=INK) if cap.width > self.TEXT_MAX_W: cap.scale_to_fit_width(self.TEXT_MAX_W) cap.set_x(0) cap.to_edge(DOWN, buff=0.72) return cap def make_node(self, lines, color, sid, font_size=16, min_w=1.55, fill=SOFT): label = Text( "\n".join(lines), font_size=font_size, color=INK, line_spacing=0.90, ) rect = RoundedRectangle( width=max(label.width + 0.40, min_w), height=label.height + 0.32, corner_radius=0.10, stroke_color=color, stroke_width=2.4, fill_color=fill, fill_opacity=1.0, ) label.move_to(rect.get_center()) rect label return VGroup(rect, label) def make_sum(self, sid): circ = Circle( radius=0.30, color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.6, fill_color=WHITE, fill_opacity=1.0, ) plus = Text("+", font_size=26, color=PETROL, weight=BOLD) plus.move_to(circ.get_center()) circ plus return VGroup(circ, plus) def connect(self, a, b, sid, color=PETROL): arrow = Arrow( a.get_edge_center(RIGHT), b.get_edge_center(LEFT), buff=0.06, stroke_width=2.3, color=color, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.18, max_stroke_width_to_length_ratio=8, ) arrow return arrow def path_from_fn(self, ax, fn, t0, t1, color, n=160, stroke_width=3.0): ts = np.linspace(t0, t1, n) pts = [ax.c2p(float(t), float(fn(t))) for t in ts] mob = VMobject(color=color, stroke_width=stroke_width) mob.set_points_as_corners(pts) return mob def corners_path(self, ax, pairs, color, stroke_width=2.8): mob = VMobject(color=color, stroke_width=stroke_width) mob.set_points_as_corners([ax.c2p(t, y) for t, y in pairs]) return mob def build_chart(self, t_max=660, x_len=11.8, y_len=3.85): ax = Axes( x_range=[0, t_max, 120], y_range=[-300, 50, 50], x_length=x_len, y_length=y_len, tips=False, axis_config={ "color": INK, "stroke_width": 2.0, "include_ticks": True, "tick_size": 0.05, }, ) y_labs = VGroup() for v in (-300, -200, -100, 0): lab = Text(str(v), font_size=16, color=INK) lab.next_to(ax.c2p(0, v), LEFT, buff=0.16) y_labs.add(lab) times = [ (0, "19:56"), (120, "19:58"), (240, "20:00"), (360, "20:02"), (480, "20:04"), (600, "20:06"), ] if t_max >= 660: times.append((660, "20:07")) x_labs = VGroup() for t, s in times: lab = Text(s, font_size=15, color=INK) lab.next_to(ax.c2p(t, -300), DOWN, buff=0.28) if t == 0: lab.shift(RIGHT * 0.42) x_labs.add(lab) ylab = Text("Mvar", font_size=16, color=INK) ylab.next_to(ax.get_y_axis().get_top(), LEFT, buff=0.18) chart = VGroup(ax, y_labs, x_labs, ylab) return ax, chart def fit_group(self, mob, max_w=None, max_h=None): max_w = max_w if max_w is not None else (2 * self.SAFE_X - 0.2) max_h = max_h if max_h is not None else (self.SAFE_Y + self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM - 0.3) if mob.width > max_w: mob.scale(max_w / mob.width) if mob.height > max_h: mob.scale(max_h / mob.height) return mob def annotate_curve(self, mob, sid, group, reason): return mob # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 1 def scene_block_diagram(self): titles = self.title_block( "EMS300 Master Q Loop", "500 MW BESS · Najran · 26 Sep 2026", ) self.play(FadeIn(titles, shift=UP * 0.12), run_time=0.6) qset = self.make_node( ["Qset = −165 Mvar"], PETROL, "s1.qset", font_size=16, min_w=2.30 ) sum1 = self.make_sum("s1.sum1") ems = self.make_node( ["EMS Master", "controller"], PETROL, "s1.ems", font_size=16, min_w=2.00 ) alloc = self.make_node( ["Allocation", "128 containers"], PETROL, "s1.alloc", font_size=15, min_w=2.05 ) healthy = self.make_node( ["47 healthy", "follow command"], TEAL, "s1.healthy", font_size=15, min_w=2.05, fill=SOFT_TEAL, ) latched = self.make_node( ["81 latched", "hold 1.8 Mvar"], RED, "s1.latched", font_size=15, min_w=2.05, fill=SOFT_RED, ) sum2 = self.make_sum("s1.sum2") absorb = self.make_node( ["A = −41.5 Mvar"], ORANGE, "s1.absorb", font_size=15, min_w=2.10, fill=SOFT_ORANGE, ) qpoi = self.make_node(["Q_POI"], TEAL, "s1.qpoi", font_size=18, min_w=1.50) row1 = VGroup(qset, sum1, ems, alloc) row1.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.42) branches = VGroup(healthy, latched) branches.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.48) row2 = VGroup(sum2, absorb, qpoi) row2.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.42) flow = VGroup(row1, branches, row2) flow.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.46) self.fit_group(flow, max_w=14.5, max_h=3.6) flow.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.55) flow.set_x(0) if flow.get_bottom()[1] < -2.10: flow.shift(UP * (-2.10 - flow.get_bottom()[1])) a1 = self.connect(qset, sum1, "s1.a1") a2 = self.connect(sum1, ems, "s1.a2") a3 = self.connect(ems, alloc, "s1.a3") a4 = Arrow( alloc.get_right() + UP * 0.05, healthy.get_left(), buff=0.06, stroke_width=2.3, color=TEAL, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.16, ) a5 = Arrow( alloc.get_right() + DOWN * 0.05, latched.get_left(), buff=0.06, stroke_width=2.3, color=RED, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.16, ) a6 = Arrow( healthy.get_right(), sum2.get_left() + UP * 0.12, buff=0.06, stroke_width=2.3, color=TEAL, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.16, ) a7 = Arrow( latched.get_right(), sum2.get_left() + DOWN * 0.12, buff=0.06, stroke_width=2.3, color=RED, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.16, ) for arr, sid in ((a4, "s1.a4"), (a5, "s1.a5"), (a6, "s1.a6"), (a7, "s1.a7")): arr a8 = self.connect(sum2, absorb, "s1.a8") a9 = self.connect(absorb, qpoi, "s1.a9") fb_y = min(latched.get_bottom()[1], qpoi.get_bottom()[1]) - 0.55 p0 = qpoi.get_bottom() p1 = np.array([qpoi.get_center()[0], fb_y, 0.0]) p2 = np.array([sum1.get_center()[0], fb_y, 0.0]) p3 = sum1.get_bottom() fb = VMobject(color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.3) fb.set_points_as_corners([p0, p1, p2]) fb_tip = Arrow( p2 + UP * 0.02, p3, buff=0.03, stroke_width=2.3, color=PETROL, max_tip_length_to_length_ratio=0.28, ) fb fb_tip minus = Text("−", font_size=20, color=RED, weight=BOLD) minus.next_to(sum1, DOWN, buff=0.14) minus.shift(LEFT * 0.32) u_lab = MathTex(r"U", font_size=22, color=ORANGE) u_lab.next_to(a3, DOWN, buff=0.10) cap = self.caption("e = Qset − Q_POI") self.play(FadeIn(qset, shift=RIGHT * 0.12), run_time=0.55) self.play(FadeIn(sum1), Create(a1), FadeIn(cap), run_time=0.80) self.play(FadeIn(ems), Create(a2), run_time=0.60) self.play(FadeIn(alloc), Create(a3), FadeIn(u_lab), run_time=0.70) self.play( FadeIn(healthy), FadeIn(latched), Create(a4), Create(a5), run_time=1.00, ) self.play(FadeIn(sum2), Create(a6), Create(a7), run_time=0.70) self.play(FadeIn(absorb), Create(a8), run_time=0.60) self.play(FadeIn(qpoi), Create(a9), run_time=0.60) self.play(Create(fb), FadeIn(fb_tip), FadeIn(minus), run_time=0.90) cap2 = self.caption("controller acts every 2 s") self.play(ReplacementTransform(cap, cap2), run_time=0.70) self.wait(4.20) self.clear_all() # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 2 def scene_rules(self): titles = self.title_block("Two control rules") self.play(FadeIn(titles, shift=UP * 0.10), run_time=0.45) h_l = Text("Normal rule", font_size=24, color=TEAL, weight=BOLD) s_l = MathTex(r"|e| < 25\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=24, color=INK) eq_l1 = MathTex(r"I \mathrel{+}= 0.6\,e", font_size=30, color=INK) eq_l2 = MathTex(r"U = B + I", font_size=30, color=INK) left = VGroup(h_l, s_l, eq_l1, eq_l2) left.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.30) h_r = Text("Large-error rule R5m", font_size=24, color=ORANGE, weight=BOLD) s_r = MathTex(r"|e| \ge 25\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=24, color=INK) eq_r1 = MathTex( r"B = Q_{\mathrm{ESS}} + 0.98\,e + 26.45", font_size=26, color=INK, ) eq_r2 = MathTex(r"I = 0", font_size=30, color=INK) right = VGroup(h_r, s_r, eq_r1, eq_r2) right.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.30) pair = VGroup(left, right) pair.arrange(RIGHT, buff=1.20) pair.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.50) pair.set_x(0) self.play(FadeIn(left, shift=UP * 0.10), run_time=0.90) self.wait(1.10) self.play(FadeIn(right, shift=UP * 0.10), run_time=1.00) self.wait(2.20) self.play(FadeOut(pair), run_time=0.40) step1 = MathTex( r"Q_{\mathrm{POI}} = Q_{\mathrm{ESS}} + A", font_size=32, color=INK, ) step2 = MathTex( r"e = Q_{\mathrm{set}} - Q_{\mathrm{POI}}", font_size=32, color=INK, ) step3 = MathTex( r"B =", r"0.02", r"\,Q_{\mathrm{ESS}} + 0.98\,(Q_{\mathrm{set}} - A) + 26.45", font_size=30, color=INK, ) derive = VGroup(step1, step2, step3) derive.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.36) derive.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.48) derive.set_x(0) insight = Text( "Only 2% of container output feeds back — no integral action", font_size=22, color=RED, ) if insight.width > self.TEXT_MAX_W: insight.scale_to_fit_width(self.TEXT_MAX_W) insight.next_to(derive, DOWN, buff=0.46) insight.set_x(0) if insight.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM: insight.next_to(derive, DOWN, buff=0.30) self.play(Write(step1), run_time=0.85) self.play(Write(step2), run_time=0.85) self.play(Write(step3), run_time=1.15) box02 = SurroundingRectangle( step3[1], color=RED, buff=0.08, stroke_width=2.4, corner_radius=0.04 ) self.play(Create(box02), FadeIn(insight, shift=UP * 0.08), run_time=0.85) self.play(Indicate(step3[1], color=RED, scale_factor=1.20), run_time=0.85) self.wait(2.40) self.clear_all() # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 3 def scene_event(self): titles = self.title_block("Recorded event", "19:56 → 20:07") self.play(FadeIn(titles, shift=UP * 0.08), run_time=0.40) ax, chart = self.build_chart(t_max=660, x_len=11.8, y_len=3.70) chart.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.36) chart.set_x(0.25) if chart.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM + 0.05: chart.shift(UP * (-self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM + 0.05 - chart.get_bottom()[1])) self.play(FadeIn(chart), run_time=0.55) qset_line = DashedVMobject( Line(ax.c2p(0, -165), ax.c2p(401, -165), color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.2), num_dashes=28, ) self.annotate_curve(qset_line, "s3.qset", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) self.play(Create(qset_line), run_time=0.45) cap = self.caption("Qset = −165 Mvar") self.play(FadeIn(cap), run_time=0.35) poi_a = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 0, 21, TEAL, n=30) self.annotate_curve(poi_a, "s3.poi.a", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) self.play(Create(poi_a), run_time=1.10) poi_b = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 21, 22, TEAL, n=12) self.annotate_curve(poi_b, "s3.poi.b", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) cap_b = self.caption("collapse to −71 Mvar") self.play(Create(poi_b), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_b), run_time=0.70) cap = cap_b u_jump = self.corners_path( ax, [(0, -136.4), (22, -136.4), (22, -273.8), (30, -273.8), (30, -98.7)], ORANGE, stroke_width=2.6, ) self.annotate_curve(u_jump, "s3.u.jump", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) cap_u = self.caption("R5 doubles the command −136.4 → −273.8") self.play(Create(u_jump), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_u), run_time=1.10) cap = cap_u poi_c = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 22, 30, TEAL, n=24) self.annotate_curve(poi_c, "s3.poi.c", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) cap_c = self.caption("overshoot to −240 Mvar") self.play(Create(poi_c), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_c), run_time=0.90) cap = cap_c poi_d = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 30, 400, TEAL, n=40) self.annotate_curve(poi_d, "s3.poi.d", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) u_hold = self.corners_path( ax, [(30, -98.7), (400, -98.7)], ORANGE, stroke_width=2.6 ) self.annotate_curve(u_hold, "s3.u.hold", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) shade = Polygon( ax.c2p(30, -165), ax.c2p(400, -165), ax.c2p(400, -237), ax.c2p(30, -237), fill_color=RED, fill_opacity=0.22, stroke_width=0, ) shade cap_d = self.caption("standing error +72 Mvar · latched: 81") self.play( Create(poi_d), Create(u_hold), FadeIn(shade), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_d), run_time=2.00, ) cap = cap_d self.wait(1.10) qset2 = DashedVMobject( Line(ax.c2p(401, -100), ax.c2p(487, -100), color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.2), num_dashes=8, ) qset3 = DashedVMobject( Line(ax.c2p(487, -50), ax.c2p(536, -50), color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.2), num_dashes=6, ) qset4 = DashedVMobject( Line(ax.c2p(536, 0), ax.c2p(660, 0), color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.2), num_dashes=10, ) self.annotate_curve(qset2, "s3.qset2", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) self.annotate_curve(qset3, "s3.qset3", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) self.annotate_curve(qset4, "s3.qset4", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) poi_e = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 400, 602, TEAL, n=80) self.annotate_curve(poi_e, "s3.poi.e", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) u_mid = self.corners_path( ax, [(400, -98.7), (602, -98.7)], ORANGE, stroke_width=2.6 ) self.annotate_curve(u_mid, "s3.u.mid", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) cap_e = self.caption("operator: −100, −50, 0 · Q_POI only to −199") self.play( Create(qset2), Create(qset3), Create(qset4), Create(poi_e), Create(u_mid), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_e), run_time=2.60, ) cap = cap_e poi_f = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 602, 612, TEAL, n=24) poi_g = self.path_from_fn(ax, poi_recorded, 612, 660, TEAL, n=16) self.annotate_curve(poi_f, "s3.poi.f", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) self.annotate_curve(poi_g, "s3.poi.g", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) u_rel = self.corners_path( ax, [(602, -98.7), (602, 61.9), (660, 61.9)], ORANGE, stroke_width=2.6 ) self.annotate_curve(u_rel, "s3.u.rel", "s3.chart", EVENT_REASON) cap_f = self.caption("release −195 → +33.7 in 4 s, then 0") self.play( Create(poi_f), Create(poi_g), Create(u_rel), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_f), run_time=1.80, ) cap = cap_f cap_g = self.caption("9 min 51 s outside ±1%") self.play(ReplacementTransform(cap, cap_g), run_time=0.60) self.wait(2.80) self.clear_all() # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 4 def scene_equilibrium(self): titles = self.title_block("Predicted standing error") self.play(FadeIn(titles, shift=UP * 0.10), run_time=0.40) eq = MathTex( r"e^{\ast} = \frac{F - c}{0.98}", font_size=52, color=PETROL, ) eq.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.55) eq.set_x(0) self.play(Write(eq), run_time=0.95) f_lab = MathTex( r"F = 97.4\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=28, color=INK, ) f_note = Text("(latched excess)", font_size=20, color=GREY) f_row = VGroup(f_lab, f_note) f_row.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.28) c_lab = MathTex( r"c = 26.45\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=28, color=INK, ) vals = VGroup(f_row, c_lab) vals.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.36) vals.next_to(eq, DOWN, buff=0.50) vals.set_x(0) self.play(FadeIn(f_row, shift=UP * 0.08), run_time=0.60) self.play(FadeIn(c_lab, shift=UP * 0.08), run_time=0.50) pred = MathTex( r"e^{\ast} = 72.4\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=34, color=PETROL, ) obs = MathTex( r"\text{observed } 72.1\;\mathrm{Mvar}", font_size=28, color=INK, ) check = MathTex(r"\checkmark", font_size=42, color=TEAL) result = VGroup(pred, obs, check) result.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.42) result.next_to(vals, DOWN, buff=0.50) result.set_x(0) if result.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM: result.next_to(vals, DOWN, buff=0.32) self.play(Write(pred), run_time=0.75) self.play(FadeIn(obs), FadeIn(check, scale=0.6), run_time=0.65) self.wait(3.40) self.clear_all() # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 5 def scene_whatif(self): titles = self.title_block("What if", "Qset held at −165 Mvar") self.play(FadeIn(titles, shift=UP * 0.08), run_time=0.40) ax, chart = self.build_chart(t_max=600, x_len=11.8, y_len=3.55) chart.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.34) chart.set_x(0.25) if chart.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM + 0.05: chart.shift(UP * (-self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM + 0.05 - chart.get_bottom()[1])) self.play(FadeIn(chart), run_time=0.45) qset_line = DashedVMobject( Line(ax.c2p(0, -165), ax.c2p(600, -165), color=PETROL, stroke_width=2.0), num_dashes=38, ) self.annotate_curve(qset_line, "s5.qset", "s5.chart", WHATIF_REASON) self.play(Create(qset_line), run_time=0.30) cap = self.caption("W1 recorded EMS — never back") w1 = self.path_from_fn(ax, w1_fn, 0, 600, RED, n=200, stroke_width=3.2) self.annotate_curve(w1, "s5.w1", "s5.chart", WHATIF_REASON) self.play(Create(w1), FadeIn(cap), run_time=1.70) self.wait(0.45) cap2 = self.caption("W2 no latch — back in 15 s") w2 = self.path_from_fn(ax, w2_fn, 0, 600, GREY, n=200, stroke_width=3.0) self.annotate_curve(w2, "s5.w2", "s5.chart", WHATIF_REASON) self.play(Create(w2), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap2), run_time=1.50) cap = cap2 self.wait(0.40) cap5 = self.caption("W5 PI + anti-windup — back in 54 s") w5 = self.path_from_fn(ax, w5_fn, 0, 600, BLUE, n=200, stroke_width=3.0) self.annotate_curve(w5, "s5.w5", "s5.chart", WHATIF_REASON) self.play(Create(w5), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap5), run_time=1.60) cap = cap5 self.wait(0.40) cap6 = self.caption("W6 detect latched units — back in 19 s, worst −180") w6 = self.path_from_fn(ax, w6_fn, 0, 600, TEAL, n=200, stroke_width=3.2) self.annotate_curve(w6, "s5.w6", "s5.chart", WHATIF_REASON) self.play(Create(w6), ReplacementTransform(cap, cap6), run_time=1.60) cap = cap6 self.wait(0.80) self.play( FadeOut(chart), FadeOut(qset_line), FadeOut(w1), FadeOut(w2), FadeOut(w5), FadeOut(w6), FadeOut(cap), run_time=0.40, ) bar_title = Text("Seconds outside ±1%", font_size=24, color=PETROL, weight=BOLD) bar_title.next_to(titles, DOWN, buff=0.42) bar_title.set_x(0) self.play(FadeIn(bar_title), run_time=0.30) items = [ ("W1 recorded", 580, RED), ("W2 no latch", 57, GREY), ("W5 PI + AW", 182, BLUE), ("W6 detect", 76, TEAL), ("W7 hold", 580, ORANGE), ("W8 rate limit", 580, "#A04000"), ] max_h = 2.85 max_v = 580.0 bar_w = 1.35 bars = VGroup() for name, val, col in items: h = max(0.16, max_h * val / max_v) rect = RoundedRectangle( width=bar_w, height=h, corner_radius=0.06, fill_color=col, fill_opacity=0.90, stroke_width=0, ) num = Text(str(val), font_size=18, color=INK) num.next_to(rect, UP, buff=0.12) lab = Text(name, font_size=15, color=INK) lab.next_to(rect, DOWN, buff=0.16) bars.add(VGroup(rect, num, lab)) bars.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.32, aligned_edge=DOWN) bars.next_to(bar_title, DOWN, buff=0.32) bars.set_x(0) if bars.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM: bars.scale(0.90) bars.next_to(bar_title, DOWN, buff=0.22) bars.set_x(0) self.play( *[FadeIn(g[0], shift=UP * 0.15) for g in bars], run_time=0.80, ) self.play( *[FadeIn(g[1]) for g in bars], *[FadeIn(g[2]) for g in bars], run_time=0.60, ) self.wait(2.60) self.clear_all() # ----------------------------------------------------------- scene 6 def scene_conclusion(self): lines = [ ("The latch explains the 10 minutes.", PETROL), ("The EMS large-error rule explains the 72 Mvar.", PETROL), ("Integral action or detection of latched units fixes it.", TEAL), ("Hold or rate limit alone does not.", RED), ] mobs = VGroup() for text, col in lines: t = Text(text, font_size=26, color=col) if t.width > self.TEXT_MAX_W: t.scale_to_fit_width(self.TEXT_MAX_W) mobs.add(t) mobs.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.42) mobs.set_x(0) mobs.set_y(0.15) if mobs.get_top()[1] > self.SAFE_Y - 0.2: mobs.scale(0.95) mobs.set_y(0.10) if mobs.get_bottom()[1] < -self.SAFE_Y_BOTTOM: mobs.scale(0.92) mobs.set_y(0.10) for t in mobs: self.play(FadeIn(t, shift=UP * 0.12), run_time=0.80) self.wait(0.30) self.wait(2.00) self.play(*[FadeOut(t) for t in mobs], run_time=0.50) self.wait(0.15)

Reactive Power Control